Surface waxing machine



Sept. 19, 1933. Q E, WOODS SURFACE WAXING MACHINE Filed Jan. 6, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 v jrwezzfor 62mm E J Vaaas,

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Sept. 19, 1933. Q WOODS 1,927,227

SURFACE WAXING MACHINE Filed Jan. 6, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Cam/0E. 14 270618,

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SURFACE WA-XING MACHINE Filed Jan. 6, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 6 i n t 17111876601" Cz'rzwn/El Voods,

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Patented Sept. 19, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT" OFFICE SURFACE WAXING MACHINE Application January 6, 1928. Serial No. 244,906

16 Claims.

The object of the invention is to provide improvements in devices for finishing various surfaces, particularly the waxing, polishing and buffing of floors, but also for applying diiferent types of coatings to surfaces in general. However, in the following specification and appended claims the expression wax, waxingdevice, or similar expression (unless otherwise specified) is to be understood as implying and including broadly a device for carrying on not only the waxing,

but the polishing, buffing, painting, staining, et cetera, of any surface for which the invention is adapted.

Another object is to provide a device of this character employing a plurality of elements, such as brushes or the like, rotatable in opposite directions in a common plane, so that when in operation and the device is tilted into a position such that the elements are not in uniform cooperation with the surface being treated, but cooperate with the surface substantially along a tangent to the said elements, the device is under no tendency to move in either direction along such tangent, but remains in a fixed position until and as moved in any desired direction from such position.

Still another object is to provide in a device of this character the combination of an integral casing, a motor within said casing and provided with a normally horizontal driving shaft, a pair of shafts adapted to rotatably support brushing, polishing or bufiing elements and positioned at an angle with respect to said driving shaft, said last-named shafts being driven by said driving shaft through a suitable medium such as wormgearing, with a reservoir, means to lead liquid wax or other finishing material from said reservoir to said elements, and means to automatically control the flow of such material.

Another object therefore is to provide broadly in such machines various means for heating and maintaining the wax, or other material, at substantially a given predetermined temperature, to insure its flowing freely through the channels of the device before it reaches the floor, and its entering the pores of the floor surface upon striking the same, as well as insuring a better resulting polish after manipulation by the brushes of the device upon such surface.

A further object is to provide in the device a reservoir unitarily secured to the motor frame and adapted to receive a certain amount of waste heat from the motor, but which heat is usually supplemented from an electrically energized immersion heater unit which extends into said reservoir preferably below the normal level of the liquid therein, and is energized by electric current supplied thereto either independently of or inparallel with the operation of the motor, in combination. with a suitable thermostatic means to.

automatically control the flow of current through said unit to maintainthe wax at a substantially even predetermined temperature, to insure its flowing freely through the channels of the device before it reaches the surface being treated, to insure its entering the pores of said surface upon striking the same, and to insure a better resulting finish after being manipulated by the walls of the device upon such surface.

Still another and very important object is to provide. in a machine of this character means for ejecting the usual waxes employed for polishing wood and similar surfaces'in such manner and unfailing regularity that the brushes or other applicators are able to distribute said waxes continuously and evenly asrlongas the device isin operation. Such ejecting means broadly comprises an oscillatory mechanism which runs at high speed of vibration and substantially noiseless operation,.and insures a regularity of flow of wax at rather widely varying temperatures. h

It has-been found that the waxes in general use for finishing floors and similar surfaces will not satisfactorily flow through a small nozzle even at a high temperature and under high pressure, and that if the'nozzle were made large enough to pass the wax freely,.a size would be reached such that an overabundance, of-wax would be ejected towards and upon the given surface. However, this peculiar. characteristic of surface-finishing waxes has been overcome by rapidly vibrating a part of the mechanism, such for instance as a piston-like plunger, and arresting its motion suddenly, to the end that the resulting joggle prevents the Wax from congregating and becoming set within its channel, and causes, it to be ejected regularly and in relatively small globules towards and upon the particular surface. I g t The object of a modification of the device is to provide a construction in which the wax is led into a cavity in which a movable piston is located, and is normally maintained in .one extreme position by a suitablespring, said spring being moved intermittently towards its? opposite position of normal movement by direct engagement with a movable cam, which latter may advantageously be carried by the rotatable brush or other form of applicator, and said cam being so mounted that it can be shifted into and out of operative position as desired. This latter provision makes it possible to shut off the supply of wax or the like, when using the rotatable polishing elements instead of the applicators.

In addition to the foregoing, the invention comprises further details of construction and operation which are fully brought out in the following. description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of one embodiment of the in- '7'? of Fig. 5, Fig. 6 showing the actuating cam .in one position and Fig. 7 showing said cam in the opposite position; Fig. 8 is a per-'- spective view comprising a fragmentary portion of one of the brush or applicator members shown in dot-and-dash lines and showing the actuating cam carried thereby in full lines; Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section through the operating rod andhandle attached thereto; Fig. 10 is a section on the line 10- -10 of Fig. 9; Fig. 11-is a sectionon the line 11-11 of Fig. 9; Figs. 12, 13, and 14 constitute a group illustrating a modified form of means for attaching the brush or polishing unit to one of the vertical shafts; and Fig. 15 is a vertical diametrical section through a polishing element. c

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings, a preferably electrically driven motor is provided, the same comprising a shaft having oppositely extending end portions 1 and 2 and an armature 3 which rotates within a'circumferentially positioned set of fieldmagnets 4, mounted upon the inner surface of the motor portion 5 of a casing, which also comprises a substantially plane portion 6 from whichthe motor portion extends upwardly, the plane sec tion terminating laterally in all directions in a peripherally extending downwardly projecting skirt or flange '7. One end of the motor portion 5 of said casing is normally olosed'by a removable end section 8, from which'extends axially with said armature an offset tubular portion 9 in which the end 1 of said shaft. is jour-j nalled, andin turnis provided with spiral gear teeth 10. s

The offset portion 9 upon" one lateral side is also joined to the removable closure section 8 of thecasing through the medium of a substantial 1y circular hollow portion '11, forjaapurpose here inafter described. The opposite end of the motor portion 5 of said casing isspanned by a closure section 12 corresponding to the oppositely posi tioned end closure section 8', and likewise provided with an offset portion 13 similar to the corresponding portion Sand in which is 'journalled the opposite end portion 2 of said shaft, provided 1 in turn with spiral teeth 14. The offsetportion 13 is furthermore connected to the closuresec tion .12 by means of a substantially circular hollow section 1.5, similar in shape to thecorrespond ing section 11 and also for aspurpose hereinafter described. i

. In this construction, it is to be noted that with the exception of the removable closure section 8 with its offset .9 and circular portion 11, the entire casing composed of the'motor'casing 5, end section 12, offset portion. 13, hollow circular portion parallel arms 21 of an operating handle casting,

comprising also a head 22,3'oined to said arms 21 by oppositely extending shanks 23, said head having a centrally positioned axial recess 24, into which is secured the end of a suitable handle such as shown in Fig. 9.

p The circular hollow portions 11 and 15 of the casing are provided internally at their respective upper and lower portions with suitable anti-friction bearings 25 and 26,-between and through parts of which bearings 25 and 26 extend shafts 2'7, each being provided downwardly with a head 28, having a'threaded terminal portion 29, each of said heads being separated from the respective shanks of said shafts by flanges 3G.

Upon the threaded portion of each shaft is removably mounted the similarly threaded axially bored hub section 31, of a cap and from which radiate integral ribs 32, separated by apertures 33 and connected at their outer ends by a circumferential section 34, which latter merges into a cylindrical flange 35, at its normally upper end preferably provided with an integral inturned flange 36, leaving'an enlarged central aperture 37. The normally lower portion of said circumferential section 34 is provided with a downwardly extending cylindrical flange 38, of less diameter than. the flange 35 and surrounded by the dough nut shaped brush back 33, provided with a central aperture as and depending bristles 41. Said circumferential section 34 is also provided with integral radially outwardly extending. projections 42 whichserve with screws, belts, or the like to secure said brush. back to said cap. 7

Surrounding the :upperportion of each of said shafts 2'? is a worm gear secured against rotation by a key or other. suitable means 44. Adjacent to each of saidgea'rs is a metallic disc 45, also surrounding the corresponding shaft and provided with a normally upwardly extending off set 46, the free end portion of which is deflected laterally and angularly to form a cam surface. 47 fora purpose hereinafter described. Upon each shaft the wor .1 gear 43 and disc 45 are secured.

firmly in position by means of a removable nut 4.8.and it will be noted that each of said; gears is in mesh with the respective threaded portions if) and 14 of the motor shaft ends 1 and 2, the position ofwhich is longitudinally adjustable by means of threaded plugs 49, mounted in the ends of the offsets 9 and 13 and having reduced bearing extensions andsecured in predetermined positions by means of lock nuts 51.

Extending upwardly from the plane section 6 of thecasing, hereinbefore described, are preferably ;a plurality of standards 52, provided with concaved seats 53, upon which are secured by any suitable means 54, through the medium of a pad orgasket 55, a cylindrical reservoir. 56, having an upwardly directed filling port 57, normally spanned by a removable closure 58, provided with a vent 59, which, when-the apparatus is not in use, is closed by'a disc 60, carried by an arm 61 pivotally connected. at 62 with the upper surface of .said closure. Within said reservoir are also positioned an electrically energized heating unit 63.2116. a thermostat 64 for controlling the temperature of the wax or similar contents of said reservoir, through the medium of said heating unit. Each of the standards 52 is provided with a channel 65 which communicates with the interior of said reservoir through the aperture 66 with which said channels register at their upper ends,. the lower ends of each of said channels opening into vertically extending chambers 67 in a lateral portion of each of the circular extensions l1 and 15 of the casing. The lower portion of each chamber 67 is closed downwardly by means of a tubular removable plug 68, the lower end of which is spanned by a wall 69, provided with a restricted discharge orifice 70. The upper portion of each of said chambers terminates in a wall 71, through which extends a relatively smaller bore 72, each of said bores opening upwardly into a second chamber 73, which also in turn communicates directlywith the interior of the respective hollow extensions 11 and 15. Extend ing through each of said bores 72 is a rod 74 which, in the chamber 73, is surrounded by a coil spring 75 and is provided upon its upper end with a head, having a cam surface 76, adapted. to be j engaged by the cam surface 47 of the shaft-supported disc 45. Said rod extends into the lower chamber 67 surrounded by suitable packing, 77 and is provided at its lower end with a head 78, which substantially but not entirely spans the in:- side diameter of the tubular closure member 68.

Finally, the respective circular portions 11 and 15 of said casing are closed by means of a cap 79, provided at one portion with a bushing 80, through which extends a threaded bore 81 for the reception of a set screw 82, rotatable by means of a knurled head 83 and adapted to be secured in any predetermined position of adjustment by means of a lock nut 84.

In the operation of this device, a waxy or similar substance within the reservoir 56, if of suitable fluidity, will flow by gravity through each channel 65 and into the connected chamber 67, or in cold weather such substance is made more fiuid by energizing the heating coil 63, the temperature of which is regulated indirectly by means of the thermostat 64. Setting the motorin motion, the worm gears 43 are duly rotatedin opposite directions, carrying with them the shafts 27, caps 31--37, and brushes 3941. The cams 47 being securedin angular adjustment upon said shafts rotate with the latter and at one point in their orbits, cooperate with and depress the respective rods 74 through the media of the corresponding cams 76, each rod in turn suddenly depressing its respective head 78 with the result that that portion of the fluid beneath said head is ejected through the orifice 79, freely of the. said cap, through one of the apertures 33 and uponthe floor or other surface being treated beneath the said brush. Immediately following engagement of the cams 47 and 76, the spring 73 forces the rod 74 upwardly and additional fluid is permitted to pass around and beneath the respective heads However, after suflicient wax or other substance has been applied to the surface being treated and even while the brushes continue to rotate, or when the operation of the device is stopped and it is desired to prevent fluid from accidentally flowing from the orifice 70, the set screw 82 is rotated into a downwardly extending position in cooperation with the cam head 76 and thus prevents the rod 74 from rising under the influence of the surrounding-spring 73. On the other hand, it is frequently desirable to spread upon the surface being treated a less quantity of fluid than the maximum provided for by the construction illustrated, in which case the set screw 82 is run into an intermediate position which permits the-rod 74 to rise a portion of its possible distance but prevents it from rising to the full extent possible, the amplitude of oscillation of said rod thereby being only from said intermediate position to the depth at which the cams 47 and 76 become disengaged, instead of the full amplitude of oscillation as when the set screw is withdrawn so as to permit the cam head 76 to rise until fully in line with the path of movement of the rotating cam 47..

In the modification shown in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, the same numerals are employed to indicate parts corresponding with parts hereinbefore described. However, in this case, the upper surface of the circumferential section 34 of the brush-supporting cap is provided with a lever 99, pivoted at 91 and provided at its free end with an upwardly directed cam surface 92, while an arm 93 extends laterally and downwardly from an intermediate portion of said lever, through one of the apertures 33 in said cap to provide a fingerengaging lug 94 for the purpose of manually moving said lever and thereby said cam surface into the respective operative and inoperative positions shown in Figs. 6 and 7.

The channel 67' in the casing terminates upwardly in a wall 71" into which extends a cylindrical recess 95, which serves as a guideway for a plunger 96, surrounded by a coil spring 97, which normally presses downwardly upon a piston-like head 98 below which is a reduced end portion 99, slidable through an aperture 190 in the lower end of the closure 68' and adapted to be engaged directly, but intermittently, by the rotating cam surface 92. In this form of the device, instead of the rod 96 being normally maintained in an upper position as is the rod 74 above described, it is normally positioned downwardly under the tension of the spring 97, so that contact of the cam 92 with the downwardly extending projection 99 operates to raise the piston or plunger head 98 momentarily but long enough to permit fluid to pass by and beneath the same into the lowermost portion of the closure member 68'.

Thereupon, immediately after cooperation is broken between the cam 92 and the projection 99, the spring 97 forces the head 98 abruptly downwardly, thereby ejecting the fluid through the laterally positioned aperture 70. Other than the foregoing, this form of the device operates in a manner similar to the form first above described, except that arresting of the motion of the plunger head is effected by moving the lug 94 laterally instead of operating a set screw and as there is no need for providing such a disc 45 with cam 47 as above described, such elements are obviously omitted.

Referring now to Figs.'9 and 10, a tubular actuating rod is shown as being secured within the recess 24 of the head 22, connected through arms 21 and shanks 23 with the pivotal connection 20 carried by the motor casing. To the opposite free end of said operating rod is secured a hollow head 106, having a manual grip or handle 107 extending angularly therefrom,

said head and handle being substantially the v shape of the butt and grip portion of an automatic firearm, and said handle being adapted to be gripped manually in order to propel the device to-and-fro over a given surface such as a floor or the like, and as a result of said handle being narrower one way than the other in transverse section (see Fig. 10), the operator being able to move the device in an are upon a surface being treated by inerelyturning his hand about his wrist as an axis. Also, by gripping the handle 167, the operatorv with a singlelhand is able to tilt the device so as to shift weight of the latter upon one only of the brushes when it is desired to increase the abrading or polishing action in a given corner or crevice by turning the hand angularly about the axis of the forearm.

The electric wires 108 from the motor and wires 109 from the heating element, extending upwardly from the motor, pass into the recess of the head 22 and are con ected to the binding posts of a two-piece separable connector 111) of any well-known construction, one wire of each of the pairs and 109 being thus connected to a neutral wire 111 and. the wires of said pairs being connected respectively through wires 108 and 109 to switches 113, after leaving which switches said 1ast-named wires merge into a common Wire 11 1 which, with the wire 111, leaves the handle 107 through a bushing 115 secured in any suitably positioned-aperture 116, said wires 111, 108 and 1 19 extending in any suitable manner through the tubular operating rod 105.

In the operation of the device, when it is desired to heat thewax or other finishing material within the reservoir 56, the switch 113 is into closed position by the operators thu 1b and may be oppositelyactuated when ever desired and the operation of the motor is effected and continued as long as the spring positioned trigger 117 of the switch 1121s held upwardly by the index, trigger, or other finger of the operator.

"in Fig, 12 is shown a plate 120 adapted to be secured to the surface of a brush or simi lar element and having angularly spaced apertures 121 through which ngmaterial is adapted to be ejected as hereinbefore described,

th upper surface of said plate being provided w h a hollow conical internally threaded flange 122, the upper surface of which is spirally shaped so to provide a shoulder 123 which is'adapted, when the finish-element is rotated upon the threaded end 28 of a shalt 27, to' cooperate with a pin 12/1 and arrest such rotation at a prede termined point before the upper edge portion of binds against the radial flange 30 carried by said shaft. Furthermore, inv order to prevent the accidental loosening of the element upon said shaft when the motor suddenly stops, or otherwise, a spring 125 is secured to the normal under side of said plate and is arranged in such manner that its freely extending end 126 bears frictionally against the lower surface of the shaft head 28. p P

In Fig. 14 a slightly modified form of spring 127 is shown as comprising an oscillatory end portion 128 which, instead of merely bearing frictionally against the under surface of said shalt head, enters a recess 129 and engages the inner end Wall 130 of said recess to positively prevent further rotation of the plate 120 with respect to the shaft 2'? and with the use of this last-mentioned form of spring, it will be obvious that the pin 124i and cam and shoulder surface 123 made unnecessary.

Referring to Fig. 15, a polishing elementis shown as comprising a plate 135, having a central body portion 136 through which extends a threaded axial aperture 137 and from which extends normally upwardly the internally threaded portion of a substantially cylindrical flange 138, adapted'to be positioned upon the correspondingly threaded head 28 of the shaft 27.

This element is employed to polish a floor or other surface after the latter has been satisfactorily waxed or otherwise treated by the application of a given material thereto, and comprises an annular felt pad 139 permanently securedto the normal under side of the plate 135 Upon this felt base isremovably secured a polishing element comprising an annular disc 140 of suitable material, such as cloth or the like, having a central portion adapted to be secured to the corresponding portion of the plate 135 by means of a screw 1 11 extending within the threaded aperture 187, while the marginal portion of said disc is provided upon its normal upper surface with an annular sheet of sand paper or the like 142, which, being in direct engagement with the felt 139 prevents the disc from rotating with respect to said plate, while upon the outer surface of said disc there is secured an annular sheet 143 of any suitable polishing material.

It is also possible upon withdrawing the screw 141 to remove said disc and invert the same with respect to the plate 135 so that the sanded surface 142 will be exposed outwardly and can be used to abrade the floor or other surface before applying the surface treating material as herein-- before described, with the brush element 3941, said disc being secured in inverted position by replacing the screw 141, as shown in Fig. 15, since it will be noted that the central portion of said disc 140 is flexible and distendable upon opposite sides of the plane of the polishing and sanding surfaces.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:-

l. A surface finishing device, comprising a plurality of brush'elements the bristles of which intermesh and which rotate in opposite directions in substantially parallel planes, a motor driven shaft, auxiliary shafts geared to said first shaft and supporting said brush elements, a reservoir carried by said device, channels to convey fluid finishing material from said reservoir to each of said elements, and oscillatable means actuated in synchronism with said shafts to positively eject fluid carried by the reservoir from said device.

2. A surface finishing device, comprising a plurality of brush elements the bristles of which interr'nesh and which rotate in opposite direc tionsin substantially parallelplanes, a motordriven shaft, auxiliary shafts geared'to said first shaft and supporting said brush elements, a res-. ervoir carried by said device, channels to convey fluid finishing material from said reservoir to each of said elements, and means oscillatably mounted in said channels and actuatable by and in synchronism with said shafts to positively eject fluid carried. by the reservoir from said device. r

3. A surface finishing device, comprising a plurality of brush elements the bristles of which intermesh and which rotate in' opposite directions in substantially parallelplanes, a motordriven shaft, auxiliary shafts geared to said first shaft and supporting said brush elements, a reservoir carried by said device, channels to convey fluid finishing material from said reservoir to each of said elements, oscillatable means in said channels spring-pressed to'remain normally in one position, and means movable with said shafts and intermittently engaging said first means to positively eject fluid carried by the reservoir from the device. a

4. A surface finishing device, comprising a plurality of brush elements the bristles of which intermesh and which rotate in opposite directions in substantially parallel planes, a motor-driven shaft, auxiliary shafts geared to said first shaft and supporting said brush elements, a reservoir carried by said device, channels to convey fluid finishing material from said reservoir to each of said elements, independent oscillatable means in said channels corresponding with each of said auxiliary shafts, and means movable with said shafts and intermittently engageable with said first means to periodically eject a predetermined quantity of fluid carried by the reservoir from the device.

5. A surface finishing device, comprising a plurality of brush elements the bristles of which intermesh and which rotate in opposite directions in substantially parallel planes, a motordriven shaft, auxiliary shafts geared to said first shaft and supporting said brush elements, a reservoir carried by said device, channels to convey fluid finishing material from said reservoir to each of said elements, independent oscillatable means in said channels corresponding with each of said auxiliary shafts, means movable with said shafts and intermittently engageable with said first means to periodically eject a predetermined quantity of fluid carried by the reservoir from the device, and means to vary the degree of the cooperation of said engageable means to vary the quantity of fluid ejected.

6. The process of treating a floor, which consists in heating a waxy substance in a suitable appliance, manipulating such heated substance by a pulsating mechanism, to force the substance from the appliance upon the floor.

' 7. The process, which consists in heating a waxy substance of between 5% and 35% wax content in a suitable appliance, manipulating such substance by a pulsating mechanism, and intermittently forcing the substance freely from the appliance upon a given surface in separated charges.

8. In a surface finishing device, the combination of a frame, a rotary element carried by said frame, a nozzle fixed with respect to the axis of said element, and a cap carried by said element and provided with a large aperture into which said nozzle extends and with a revolving outlet aperture through which said nozzle is adapted to intermittently eject a fluid as said nozzle and said last-named aperture are in substantial registration.

9. In a surface finishing device, the combination of a frame, a rotaryelement, a cap secured to said element and having an aperture, a shaft connecting said cap and said element to said frame, a nozzle carried by said frame and means operable in synchronism with the rotation of said shaft to force fluid intermittently from said nozzle as said cap aperture is in substantial alignment with said nozzle.

10. In a surface finishing device, the combination of a frame, a rotary element, a hollow cap secured to said element and having an enlarged inlet aperture coaxial with said element and a second revolvable aperture, a shaft connecting said cap and said element to said frame, a nozzle carried by said frame laterally of said shaft and in constant alignment with said first aperture, and means operable in synchronism with the rotation of said shaft to force fluid intermittently from said nozzle as said second aperture is in substantial alignment with said nozzle.

11. In a surface finishing device, the combination of a frame, a rotary element carried by said frame, a nozzle fixedly positioned laterally with respect to the axis of said element, a hollow cap carried by said element and provided with a normally rotatable aperture and with an imperforate circumferential wall positioned radially beyond said aperture, and having a radially inwardly directed upper edge portion, and means operative to eject a fluid from said nozzle in synchronism with the rotation of said element as said aperture is in substantial alignment with said nozzle.

12. A surface waxing appliance, which consists in a frame member, a reservoir carried by said member, a chamber in said member having an orifice, a channel connecting said reservoir and adapted to lead a waxy substance into said chamber, reciprocatory means within said chamber to intermittently eject such substance through said orifice, resilient means within said chamber to maintain said first means in one extreme position closing said orifice, and a rotary applicator also carried by said frame and operative to periodically engage said first means to open said orifice, and upon releasing said first means to permit its return by said resilient means to its normal position.

13. A surface waxing appliance, which consists in a frame member, a channel in said member having an orifice, a spring pressed means within said channel normally closing said orifice, a rotary applicator also carried by said frame, and means carried by said applicator operative upon contacting with said first means to move the latter to open said orifice, whereafter upon being re leased said first means upon moving in the opposite direction forces a portion of the substance through, and finally again closes the orifice.

14. The process of applying wax to a surface to be polished which consists in confining a waxy substance in a reservoir, heating said substance, agitating a small portion of the heated substance and discharging the agitated portion upon the surface in disconnected charges under pressure.

15. The process of applying wax to a floor to be polished which consists in confining a body of Wax in a reservoir, heating the wax as it leaves the reservoir, churning a small quantity of heated wax apart from the reservoir, and forcibly ejecting at closely timed intervals small quantities of the churned heated wax directly upon the floor.

16. In a waxer, a wax reservoir, a channel leading from the reservoir, a spring pressed valve preventing flow of wax thru the channel, a rotating member, and means carried by the rotating 

